Framing 3-manifolds with bare hands

  • Riccardo Benedetti

    Università di Pisa, Italy
  • Paolo Lisca

    Università di Pisa, Italy

Abstract

After surveying existing proofs that every closed, orientable 3-manifold is parallelizable, we give three proofs using minimal background. In particular, our proofs do not rely on spin structures, the theory of Stiefel–Whitney classes, nor the Lickorish–Wallace theorem.

Cite this article

Riccardo Benedetti, Paolo Lisca, Framing 3-manifolds with bare hands. Enseign. Math. 64 (2018), no. 3/4, pp. 395–413

DOI 10.4171/LEM/64-3/4-9